4/5/2024 0 Comments Esty stein party plannerAs the great powers disengage from all but areas of core interests, international institutions are increasingly hobbled as willing troop contributors to emergency forces become ever scarcer. NATO’s unprecedented intervention in Kosovo-its attack against a sovereign state for violence committed against its own citizens-may well be the exception that proves the more general rule: the intervention took place in Europe, at the core of NATO’s mandate. After the intervention in Somalia, the United States as well as most of the other big powers have generally been unwilling to commit forces to mitigate violence and prevent humanitarian disasters. These new challenges have developed in a context of disengagement by the major powers from all but areas of core interest. Of problems have created recurrent challenges for international conflict resolution in the past decade. These emergencies arise from violence inflicted by one group against another within the confines of a state, from the capture of state institutions by one group, or by the collapse of these institutions and the failure of governance. Here I look at the challenges faced by those who are seeking to mitigate violence within the context of complex humanitarian emergencies. Conflict resolution here refers to efforts to prevent or mitigate violence resulting from intergroup or interstate conflict as well as efforts to reduce underlying disagreements (see Chapter 1, this volume). ![]() The shape of these new challenges is only beginning to be defined as established institutions and new players work to adapt and develop strategies of conflict resolution. Within this expanded definition of international conflict, new types of dilemmas are emerging that present unprecedented challenges to conflict resolution. ![]() What is new are the scope and intensity of global attention to the actions of a state against its own citizens, when these actions violate international norms, and to the violent actions of one group against another group even when the violence does not spill over state borders. ![]() These conflicts either threaten existing state borders or flow over them and are logically included in established concepts of international conflict. It is not surprising that ethnic conflict that spills across borders and secessionist movements that wish to reconfigure existing states should be the subject of global concern. In an emergent global politics the definition of conflict that is interna tionally relevant has burst through the constraints of sovereignty. New Challenges to Conflict Resolution: Humanitarian Nongovernmental Organizations in Complex Emergencies
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